Global Positioning System

Technically speaking, Navstar GPS is only one of a number of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). As Navstar GPS was the first one used, the term GPS (global positioning system) has gained wide acceptance.

The other available GNSS are - Navstar GPS (USA) - Galileo (Europe) - GLONASS (Russia) - Beidou (China)

Internet of Things

The Internet of Things is a widely used term to describe the interconnection of sensors and actors using the internet. Depending on the use case, different technologies are used to allow these end devices to communicate.

LoRaWAN

Introduction

LoRaWAN, short for "LoRa Wide Area Network", encompasses both the communication protocol and system architecture used for LoRa based wireless connectivity.

While LoRa defines the lower physical layer, LoRaWAN was specifically designed to define and establish the upper layers of the network. LoRaWAN is just one of several protocols that were developed to define these upper layers of the network.

Therefore LoRaWAN enables a comprehensive and standardized framework for efficient communication and networking between LoRa-based devices.

The LoRaWAN standard is specifically designed to facilitate the seamless implementation of IoT solutions on a massive scale, including in remote or challenging-to-access locations.

The ongoing development and maintenance of the LoRaWAN protocol are overseen by the LoRa Alliance.

Collectively, LoRa and LoRaWAN define a Low-power Wide Area networking protocol that enables battery-operated devices to connect wirelessly to regional, national, or global networks.

LoRaWAN Features

The LoRaWAN protocol specifically addresses the requirements of the Internet of Things (IoT) by providing features such as bi-directional communication, end-to-end security, mobility, and localization services.